PORTUGAL: Signs of Holm oak decline in a managed silvopastoral system (credit: Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Cork oak (Quercus suber) with the bark stripped (credit: Alexandra Correia)
PORTUGAL: Summer view of a Holm oak silvopastoral system showing healthy trees and areas of visible tree decline (credit Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Cork oaks with bark removed after the cork extraction process, a traditional practice in Mediterranean forests. (credit Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: signs of decline in cork oak (Quercus suber) trees amongst otherwise healthy ones (credit: Alexandra Correia)
PORTUGAL: Visible signs of decline in Holm oak trees, marked by canopy thinning and branch dieback (credit: Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Agroforest system featuring Holm oak trees with ryegrass cultivated in the understory (credit: Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Silvopastoral system featuring Holm oak trees and managed livestock grazing. (credit: Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Natural regeneration of Holm oak through resprouting or acorn germination ensures the long-term sustainability of silvopastoral systems. (credit: Adriana Principe)
PORTUGAL: Widespread decline of Holm oak trees across a hillside (credit: Adriana Principe)
Serbia
SERBIA: Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (common spangle gall wasp) on Quercus robur (credit: Milica Zlatkovic)
SERBIA: Cynips quercusfolii (cherry gall wasp) on Quercus robur (credit: Milica Zlatkovic)